Hacia un entendimiento del aprendizaje en entornos digitales-Implicaciones para la educación / Towards an understanding learning in digital socio-cultural environments and the implications for education / À uma compreensão da aprendizagem em ambientes digitais e implicações para o ensino

Resumen (analítico): El presente artículo deriva de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar las características del aprendizaje, basadas en las habilidades digitales que los individuos jóvenes de educación superior desarrollan en entornos socioculturales digitales no escolares. La relevancia de esta investigación estriba en que la comprensión analítica de estas formas de aprender permite identificar los retos que está viviendo la educación superior y las posibles formas de enfrentarlos. El abordaje metodológico es cualitativo; las técnicas de recogida de información fueron: cuestionario, grupo de discusión y grupo de enfoque. Presento aquí una lectura de los resultados mediada por la categoría analítica juventudes, desde la cual sostengo que las formas de ser joven en los entornos socioculturales digitales conlleva formas inéditas de aprender y de entender el mundo.

Abstract (analytical): This paper describes a study that has the objective of analyzing the learning characteristics, based on digital abilities, that young people in higher education develop in non-school digital socio-cultural environments. The relevance of this research is that the analytical understanding of these forms of learning contributes to identifying the challenges for higher education and possible ways to solve them. The methodological approach used is qualitative and the information collection techniques included: questionnaires, discussion groups and focus groups. The results are mediated by the analytical category of young people. The author concludes that the forms of being young in digital socio-cultural environments entail unprecedented ways of learning and understanding the world

Resumo (analítico): Este artigo deriva de uma pesquisa destinado a analisar as características de aprendizagem, com base em competências digitais, que os estudantes do ensino superior adquiram em ambientes socioculturais digitais não-escolares; a relevância desta pesquisa é que a compreensão analítica dessas formas de aprendizagem permitem identificar os desafios experimentados no ensino superior e as possíveis formas de resolvêlos. A abordagem metodológica foi qualitativa, as técnicas de recolha de informação foram: questionário, grupo de discussão e grupo de foco. A leitura dos resultados foi feita a partir da categoria analítica da juventude, a partir do qual argumenta-se que os modos de ser jovem em ambientes socioculturais digitais traz novas formas de aprendizagem e compreensão do mundo apresentado.

Developing inclusive employment: lessons from Telenor Open Mind.

BACKGROUND: Despite significant gains in legal rights for people with disabilities, the employment rate for individuals with disabilities in many countries remains extremely low. Programs to promote the inclusion of people with disabilities in the workforce can have an important impact on individuals' economic and social prospects, as well as societal benefits. OBJECTIVE: This article aims to explore Telenor Open Mind, a job training program at Norway's largest telecommunications company with financial support from Norway's Labor and Welfare Organization (NAV), which acts as a springboard for individuals with disabilities into the workplace. METHODS: A qualitative case study design was utilized to explore the Telenor Open Mind Program. Drawing on field research conducted in Oslo during 2011, this article explores subjective experiences of individuals involved with the program, through interviews and program observations. RESULTS: Telenor Open Mind's two-year program is comprised of a three month training period, in which individuals participate in computer and self-development courses followed by a 21-month paid internship where participants gain hands-on experience. The program has an average 75% rate of employment upon completion and a high rate of participant satisfaction. Participation in the program led to increased self-confidence and social development. The company experienced benefits from greater workplace satisfaction and reductions in sick leave rates. CONCLUSIONS: The Telenor Open Mind program has provided benefits for participants, the company, and society as a whole. Participants gain training, work experience, and increased employability. Telenor gains dedicated and trained employees, in addition to reducing sick leave absences among all employees. Finally, society benefits from the Open Mind program as the individuals who gain employment become tax-payers, and no longer need to receive benefits from the government.

Disability rights advocacy and employment: a qualitative study of the National Centre for the Employment of Disabled People (NCPEDP) in India.

In India, the low rate of employment of people with disabilities is a large problem in the growing economy. Looking at one advocacy group's strategies for influencing the private sector and lobbying the Indian government for more responsive employment policies, this article focuses on NCPEDP's holistic approach to increasing employment of people with disabilities as an example of notable, innovative practice. The article examines NCPEDP's strategies towards the private sector, public policy, and civil society, including its Disability Awards (highlighting inclusive workplaces), the 2001 and 2011 Census campaigns' efforts for people with disabilities to become accurately counted, and its networks of disability organizations that disseminate relevant information and campaign for greater equality across the nation. The benefits and limitations of these strategies are then assessed for lessons regarding the strategies available to small nongovernmental organizations seeking to influence employment, the private sector and public policy in other settings.

Antibiotic resistance of periodontal pathogens obtained from frequent antibiotic users.

The occurrence of bacterial strains resistant to different antimicrobials is a growing problem in Latin American countries. The aim was to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Prophyromona gingivalis, isolated from chronic periodontitis patients. Twenty-five patients diagnosed with generalized- moderate or advanced- chronic periodontitis were consecutively recruited from patients attending the Periodontal Specialist Program, Javeriana University, according to specific criteria, including no recent antibiotic consumption. All patients filled out a questionnaire on antibiotic intake. The deepest periodontal pocket in each quadrant was sampled. Pooled samples were mixed, diluted and plated on enriched brucella agar plates. After anaerobic incubation, identification of the target bacteria was performed, based on colony morphology, gram staining, aerotolerance and biochemical reactions (RapID Ana II, Remel, U.S.A.). Following identification, the bacteria were subjected to antimicrobial testing, using amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycicline, azithromycin and metronidazole (E-test, AbBiodisk, Sweden). The minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained were compared with a reference standard to determine antimicrobial resistance. Amoxicillin-resistant species were tested for beta-lactamase production. Forty-four percent of the patients used antibiotics without any medical prescription, 40% used antibiotics at least once a year. The presence of eleven species was confirmed after a series of biochemical tests: four Fusobacterium nucleatum, five Prevotella intermedia and two Prophyromona gingivalis. All strains were resistant to metronidazole, five were resistant to tetracycline and azithromicin, and two strains were resistant to doxycicline and amoxicillin. The strains resistant to amoxicillin were positive for beta-lactamase production, Antimicrobial resistance, particularly against metronidazole, was a common phenomenon for the bacterial isolates analyzed in this Colombian sample.

Antibiotic resistance of periodontal pathogens obtained from frequent antibiotic users

The occurrence of bacterial strains resistant to different antimicrobials is a growing problem in Latin American countries. The aim was to measure the antimicrobial susceptibility of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia and Prophyromona gingivalis, isolated from chronic periodontitis patients. Twenty-five patients diagnosed with generalized- moderate or advanced- chronic periodontitis were consecutively recruited from patients attending the Periodontal Specialist Program, Javeriana University, according to specific criteria, including no recent antibiotic consumption. All patients filled out a questionnaire on antibiotic intake. The deepest periodontal pocket in each quadrant was sampled. Pooled samples were mixed, diluted and plated on enriched brucella agar plates. After anaerobic incubation, identification of the target bacteria was performed, based on colony morphology, gram staining, aerotolerance and biochemical reactions (RapID Ana II, Remel, U.S.A.). Following identification, the bacteria were subjected to antimicrobial testing, using amoxicillin, tetracycline, doxycicline, azithromycin and metronidazole (E-test, AbBiodisk, Sweden). The minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained were compared with a reference standard to determine antimicrobial resistance. Amoxicillin-resistant species were tested for β- lactamase production. Forty-four percent of the patients used antibiotics without any medical prescription, 40% used antibiotics at least once a year. The presence of eleven species was confirmed after a series of biochemical tests: four Fusobacterium nucleatum, five Prevotella intermedia and two Prophyromona gingivalis. All strains were resistant to metronidazole, five were resistant to tetracycline and azithromicin, and two strains were resistant to doxycicline and amoxicillin. The strains resistant to amoxicillin were positive for β-lactamase production. Antimicrobial resistance, particularly against metronidazole, was a common phenomenon for the bacterial isolates analyzed in this Colombian sample.

La presencia de especies bacterianas que demuestran resistencia a múltiples antimicrobianos es un problema creciente en Latinoamérica. El objetivo de este estudio fue el medir la susceptibilidad antibiótica de las bacterias Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia y Prophyromona gingivalis aisladas de pacientes afectados por Periodontitis Crónica. Un total de venti-cinco pacientes diagnosticados con Periodontitis Crónica Generalizada con severidad de Moderada a Avanzada fueron incluidos en el estudio siguiendo criterios específicos, todos los pacientes respondieron una encuesta acerca de su patrón de uso de antibióticos. En la bolsa mas profunda de cada cuadrante dental se tomo una muestra microbiológica, la cual fue procesada siguiendo procedimientos de: Mezcla, dilución y siembra en platos de agar Brucela enriquecidos. Después de un periodo de incubación anaeróbica las bacterias objeto de estudio fueron identificadas de acuerdo a las siguientes técnicas: Morfología de las colonias, coloración de Gram, prueba de aero-tolerancia y la aplicación de un kit de identificación bacteriana que utiliza diversas pruebas bioquimicas (RapID Ana II, Remel, U.S.A.). Después de la identificación, las bacterias fueron sometidas a pruebas de antibiograma usando los siguientes antibióticos: Amoxicilina, tetraciclina, doxiciclina, azitromicina y metronidazol (E-test, AbBiodisk, Suecia). La concentración inhibitoria mínima se comparo con la referencia estándar para determinar la presencia de la resistencia antibiótica. En las especies bacterianas que mostraron resistencia a la amoxicilina se realizo una prueba de laboratorio para establecer la presencia de β-lactamasa. Un 44% de los pacientes encuestados refirió haber utilizado antibióticos sin prescripción medica, un 40% de ellos usa antibióticos al menos una vez al ano. La presencia de once especies bacterianas pudo ser confirmada después de realizar las pruebas de identificación: Cuatro aislamientos de Fusobacterium nucleatum, cinco de Prevotella intermedia y dos de Prophyromona gingivalis. Todas las especies bacterianas mostraron resistencia al metronidazol, cinco fueron resistentes a la tetraciclina y a la azitromicina, finalmente dos especies fueron resistentes a la doxiciclina y la amoxicilina. Las especies que mostraron resistencia a la amoxicilina demostraron producción de β-lactamasa. La presencia de resistencia a los antibióticos fue un fenómeno común para las bacterias analizadas, en especial la resistencia al metronidazol.